I have the same problem with webdav (setup with cpanel, SSL, custom port) + Android. Syncing works fine on desktop (linux), but the exact same credentials and URL does not work on my phone. I suspect the problem is related to the fact the the phone setup is tuned to ownCloud / nextCloud, not a regular webdav with SSL and a custom port.
This is essential feature for people not wanting to use the big cloud services, to obtain cross-platform / device syncing.